Childhood exposure to polluted neighborhood environments and intergenerational income mobility, teenage birth, and incarceration in the USA

Using newly available data derived from IRS tax records at the Census tract level housed at the Opportunity Atlas, combined with estimates of exposure to air pollution from vehicle traffic and the risk of lead exposure due to older housing in poor neighborhoods, the authors examin neighborhood level associations of exposure to environmental hazards among children and outcomes in late adolescence and adulthood.